The mining industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Making up about a quarter of the mining vehicle population, diesel-powered haul trucks are responsible for approximately 174 Mt of CO2 equivalent emissions annually, highlighting the need for emissions reduction strategies. Transitioning to zero-emission electric haul trucks emerges as a crucial step for mining companies aiming to meet international net-zero targets while improving operational efficiency.
This analysis compares the Total Cost of Ownership and operational efficiency of 150 t diesel and electric haul trucks. Electric trucks, particularly those powered by lithium iron phosphate batteries, offer substantial benefits. These batteries are cost-effective; compared to other battery types they have a longer cycle life, and lower environmental impact, providing significant energy and maintenance cost savings, despite higher initial capital expenditure.
Operationally, electric haul trucks can reduce the cost per tonne of material moved by 65%, enhance operational efficiency through better torque and regenerative braking systems (which recover energy during braking and store it for reuse), and demonstrate superior performance metrics, including increased tonnes hauled and speed. Environmentally, electric trucks contribute to cleaner and quieter mining operations with significant reductions in energy costs and CO2 emissions.
Challenges such as battery technology, charging infrastructure, and productivity remain; however, advances in battery technology, rapid charging systems, and battery swapping are promising solutions to these issues. As these technologies evolve, electric haul trucks are expected to become increasingly viable, offering substantial financial and environmental benefits and transforming mining operations toward greater sustainability.
Author: Satadru Ghosh - Mechanical Engineer (Research Intern)
Reviewers: Somnath Gain and Sudipta De
