According to official data, about 8 thousand deposits are operating in Kazakhstan today, all of which were discovered back in the USSR times; however, many of the deposits of lead, copper, and rare metals will be depleted in 10-15 years.
Mine closures are associated with operational and social challenges. Once the mine is closed, the operating company is responsible for land and water reclamation as well as resolving environmental issues such as biodiversity conservation and restoration of pre-existing ecosystems. This is a technologically complex and costly process that is typically considered early in the design and development of a mine.
Mine closure in Kazakhstan is a relatively recent development and practical experience in responsible mine closure is critical to the sustainable development of the industry and society. Social challenges in Kazakhstan are especially acute in the areas where purpose-built mining mono-towns are facing unemployment and population relocation It is assumed that within 5-20 years many mines will be closed in the East Kazakhstan and Karaganda regions and the closure of mines and mono-towns has already begun. This could potentiality lead to major socio-economic problems that need to be addressed urgently.
