This website uses cookies to enhance browsing experience. Read below to see what cookies we recommend using and choose which to allow.
By clicking Accept All, you'll allow use of all our cookies in terms of our Privacy Notice.
Essential Cookies
Analytics Cookies
Marketing Cookies
Essential Cookies
Analytics Cookies
Marketing Cookies
Many ore deposits extend vertically, a fact which is not always known at the start of mining. If initial mining is by opencast methods and ore reserves are proven to greater depths, the pits are often planned to go deeper than originally envisaged. In such cases, surface plants and critical underground facilities -- conveyor tunnels, access ramps, ore passes, hoisting, and ventilation shafts -- are often located much closer to the pit rim and the ore body than desirable. This raises the question of stability, which may be critical for operating the mine longer term. Key considerations to evaluate are: open pit stability, shaft stability, dilution, mud rushes and air blasts, and mining method selection.
Planning Considerations: The efficient transition from open pit mining to an underground operation requires extensive planning. For a large mining operation, planning could last as long as 20 years. The main factors and activities that need to be taken into account in the planning cycle are as follows:
Conclusions: Aspects of particular significance include the following:
Type IIa diamonds make up 1–2% of all natural diamonds. They are almost or entirely devoid of impurities, and consequently are usually colorless and have the highest thermal conductivity. This presentation shows how they are extracted from the Meya Project in Sierra Leone.
Learn MoreThis paper describes the ventilation planning that was performed for the P.T. Freeport Indonesia’s Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) deposit located in the province of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.
Learn More